Prostate Cancer Stages
As prostate cancer progresses from Stage I to Stage IV, the cancer cells grow in the prostate, through the outer layer of the prostate into the surrounding tissue, and then to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
The following stages are used for prostate cancer:
Prostate Cancer Stages
Stage I
In stage I, cancer is found only in the prostate. Cancer:
- by needle biopsy (such as for a high PSA level) or in a small amount of tissue during surgery for other reasons (such as benign prostatic hyperplasia) have been found. The PSA level is lower than 10 and the Gleason score 6 or lower, or
- is found in a half or less of a lobe of the prostate. The PSA level is lower than 10 and the Gleason score 6 or lower, or
- can not be felt during a digital rectal exam and is not visible by imaging. Cancer has been found in the one-half or less of a lobe of the prostate. The PSA level and the Gleason score are not known.
Stage II
In stage II, cancer is more advanced than in stage I, but has not spread outside the prostate. Stage II is divided into stage IIA and stage IIB.
In stage IIA, cancer:
- by needle biopsy (such as for a high PSA level) or in a small amount of tissue during surgery for other reasons (such as benign prostatic hyperplasia) have been found. The PSA level is lower than 20 and the Gleason score is 7 or
- by needle biopsy (such as for a high PSA level) or in a small amount of tissue during surgery for other reasons (such as benign prostatic hyperplasia) have been found. The PSA level of at least 10 but less than 20 and the Gleason score is 6 or lower, or
- is found in a half or less of a lobe of the prostate. The PSA level of at least 10 but less than 20 and the Gleason score is 6 or lower, or
- is found in a half or less of a lobe of the prostate. The PSA level is lower than 20 and the Gleason score is 7 or
- has been found more than half of one lobe of the prostate. The PSA level is lower than 20 and the Gleason score of 7 or lower, or
- has been found more than half of one lobe of the prostate. The PSA level and the Gleason score are not known.
In stage IIB, cancer:
- found in the opposite sides of the prostate. The PSA can be any level and the Gleason score can range 2-10, or
- can not be felt during a digital rectal exam and is not visible by imaging and tumor spread outside the prostate. The PSA level 20 or higher and the Gleason score can range 2-10, or
- can not be felt during a digital rectal exam and is not visible by imaging and tumor spread outside the prostate. The PSA can be any level and the Gleason score is 8 or higher.
Stage III
In Stage III, the cancer has spread beyond the prostate and outer layer are spread to the seminal vesicles. The PSA can be any level and Gleason score may range 2 to 10
Stage IV
In stage IV, each of the PSA level and Gleason score may range 2 to 10 Even cancer:
- has spread to the seminal vesicles nearby tissues or organs such as the rectum, bladder, or pelvic wall, or
- may have spread to the seminal vesicles and nearby tissue or organs such as the rectum, bladder, or pelvic wall. Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, or
- has to distant parts of the body, including the lymph nodes or bone may spread. Prostate cancer often spreads to the bone.
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